Industry news archive

Surge in Asia's exports brings fresh life to north-west US ports; Pacific north-west rail operators eye track expansion

Congestion in southern Californian ports has led to an increase in the use of Tacoma and Seattle for the importing of goods into the US from eastern Asia, particularly China. The ports also have good deep water facilities and better rail links to the middle and eastern states. However further improvements may be put on hold as Canadian ports are also expanding and California is taking measures to ensure that the congestion of 2005 does not recur.

Financial Times, 4 Jan 2006. p 17

Engineering

Bombardier has secured an order from SNCF for 73 trains, valued at around £195m.

The Times, 5 Jan 2006, p 46.

Rail chiefs escape prosecution over crash

The Crown Prosecution Service has decided not to pursue a criminal prosecution against Network Rail over the Ladbroke Grove rail crash in which 31 people were killed. It had been influenced in its decision by the outcome of the Hatfield rail crash enquiry, but agreed that there would still be health and safety offences to be investigated.

Financial Times, 7 Dec 2005. p 3

Beijing lends support to Philippine rail project

The North Luzon Railway Project in Indonesia, providing high-speed links between Manilla and northern Luzon economic zones, linking the capital firstly with Malolos and the Diosdado Macapagal International Airport' and currently approximately 10 years behind plan, may commence almost immediately as a result of a decision by China to provide technical and financial support. Several Chinese-Filipino conglomerates are participating in the project.

Nikkei Weekly, vol.43. no.2,211. 28 Nov 2005. p.42.

Corus begins work on Scunthorpe plant that will replace Workington

The state of development of the new rail production facility at the Scunthorpe section mill is described. The unit will be able to roll rail up to 120 metres long. A full standard range of European rail profiles will be offered plus other rail sections, crane and bridge rail, and a full range of steel sleepers will be available.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.686. Dec.2005. p.12.

New ultrasonic test system for grooved tramway rails

A 'walking stick' style ultrasonic tester has been developed by Balfour Beatty Rail Technologies Ltd. to cope with tramway grooved rails. The system will be adapted to a road-rail vehicle-mounted option. The Dublin Luas light rail system is presently field testing the equipment.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.686. Dec.2005. p.12.

Chinese order 300 km/h trains

Siemens, in partnership with Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works, is to supply Chinese Railways with 60 high speed trainsets. The trains will be a derivation of the Siemen's Velaro family, will be 200 m long, with seating for over 600 passengers.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.12. Dec.2005. p.749.

Alstom to build 350 km/h AGV demonstrator

Alstom Transport is to develop an ultra-high speed demonstration train with distributed power. The work is the next stage in the Automotrice à Grande Vitesse. Its articulated cars will be slightly shorter than those of the TGV allowing the use of 3 m wide bodies. Markets in China and France are in the company's sights.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.12. Dec.2005. p.763.

Rail freight may need own tracks. Channel tunnel fails to attract predicted volumes. Tough challenge coping with growth in traffic.

Rail freight is increasing in the UK, mainly because of import of coal and manufactured goods. Carriage of shipping containers increased from 3.5bn tonne kilometers in 1989-1999 to 4bn in 2004-2005 (still well below the late '80s). A number of rail routes need modification to handle the new larger containers and lines to some ports are seriously over-crowded so new rail may be laid to handle bottlenecks. Only 2.4% of Britain's rail freight traffic is making use of the Channel tunnel.

Financial Times, 22 November 2005. p.5.

China's railways lined up for listing / Foreign investors poised to be asked to come aboard

Two articles outline the preparations being made in China to list parts of its rail network on the domestic or international stock markets within the next two years. In addition, China is expecting to phase out steam engines from its remote country lines within the next year. This will be part of a dramatic rail network expansion from its current 74,000 km to 100,000 km of lines, and to increase the percentage of double track from 40% to 50%, and of electrified lines from 30% to over 50%. The cost is estimated to be $250bn, so outside backing is being sought through the listing.

Financial Times, 1 Nov. 2005. p.12.

Contractors warned over chaos on Underground; Suspension of Tube line demanded

London Underground's engineering director is prepared to use emergency powers over contractors to maintain safety standards and improve reliability. There have been four failures of emergency braking systems on Northern Line trains in the past four weeks, with the result that only half the fleet was available for the morning rush hour on 7 October. Northern Line trains are maintained by Alstom.

Following a fifth failure on 12 October union leaders have demanded total suspension of the Northern Line service.

Financial Times, 12 Oct 2005. p 6; 13 Oct 2005. p 4

How much should the railway cost?

Informed Sources looks at how much a halfway decent railway should cost the taxpayer. Figures show taxpayer support for the railway (2003-2009) and Railtrack/Network Rail income (1994-2014).

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.685. Oct.2005. pp.18-19.

Periodic Review: the process starts now.

The biggest review of railway services and costs since the Serpell inquiry into railway finances in 1983 is to be carried out. The history behind the review is given and its need to be accurate in determining the costs of the whole railway is emphasised. The Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) is calling it Periodic Review (PR) 2008, and it will shape the railway over the next 20 years. The High Level Output Specification (HLOS), which defines the railway the Government wants to buy, and the Statement of Funds Available (SoFA) are provided by the Secretary of State for the Department for Transport. Building the HLOS, the gap between the embryo HLOS and SoFA, the role of the ORR, and the spending review cycle, are amongst topics discussed.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.685. Oct.2005. pp.19-23.

Refurbishment on a roll

The refurbishment sector of the rolling stock industry is reviewed, looking at a number of projects and workshops around the UK.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.685. Oct.2005. pp.31-32,34,36.

Freight focus

A number of papers on the subject are presented. 'Railways battle in a competitive freight market' looks at the rise in UK rail freight; 'Case study one - Road haulier runs 46 trains per week' profiles W.H. Malcolm (Scotland), a company that has switched from road to rail for the bulk of their capacity; 'Case study two - GBRf expands market niche' looks at the success of GB Railfreight; 'Rail freight forecasts' presents figures from the industry for tonnes moved in 2003 (thought to be more accurate that those published by the Department for Transport). The article includes 5 maps showing average actual freight trains operated in 2003 (UK), demand for freight train paths in 2014 (UK), paths available for freight in 2005 (UK), and demand for freight train paths in 2014 (London and West Midlands); 'Getting Crossrail right' considers the impact of Crossrail on the freight industry. For further information on rail freight see www.rfg.org.uk.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.685. Oct.2005. pp.48-60.

Let's get going on a north-south HSL!

Track Miles looks at how the UK fares in the provision of High Speed Links as compared to Japan, Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The concept of a new north-south link, running from London (and the Channel Tunnel Rail Link) to the West Midlands, the North and on to Scotland is put forward. Such a link is becoming a normal transport investment in mainland Europe, and the author calls for the same to happen here.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.685. Oct.2005. p.71.

Three-stage programme puts combino trams back on track

Progress in the programme to overcome the problem of higher than expected torsion forces in the bolted aluminium bodyshells of the Siemens Combino trams is reported. The torsion led to cracking of the Alugrip fastening. Rectification measures and their knock-on effects are discussed.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.10. Oct.2005. pp.615-618.

China digs deep

China's development of underground rail systems for its major cities, and the resultant boom in joint ventures with Western companies, are described.

Professional Engineering, vol.18, no.15. 17 Aug.2005. p.4-42.

As attitudes change, engineers see an industry evolve

Mass transit projects in the USA are to receive US$52.6bn up to 2009 as a result of federal funding. The light rail, bus rapid transit and other projects to commence in the 2006 financial year are outlined.

ENR - Engineering News Record, vol.255, no.6. 8 Aug.2005. pp.30-32,34.

Rail passenger growth is fastest in Europe

Figures given by the Association of Train Operating Companies show that the number of passengers on Britain's railways is now amongst the fastest growing in Europe, with the number of passenger journeys growing 38.1% between the base year (average of 1993, 1994 and 1995) and 2004. During the same period tonne kilometres of freight rose by 48.9%, to become third in the world, and includes more carrying of containers.

Financial Times, 20 Sept. 2005. p.5.

The future of rail freight in Europe

The Adam Smith Institute inaugural conference is being held in Amsterdam, 21-22 November 2005. Sessions cover the following topics: liberalisation - how is it shaping the industry?; assessing rail's future role in the freight market; increasing rail freight's market share - raising awareness; revitalising service - improving reliability and interoperability; evaluating emerging business models; establishing efficient infrastructure to support growth; and future growth - where next for European rail freight? For more details on the conference see www.marketforce.eu.com/railfreight.

London; Marketforce Communications, 2005. 8pp.

Europe's fastest trains start trials

A description is given of the Velaro E trainset built by Renfe (Spain) at its La Sagra workshop. Two units are to start service in January 2006 and are undergoing trials on the Madrid-Barcelona high speed line, running up to 385 km/h. An initial fleet of 16 trains, to be known as AVE S103, will be delivered by the end of 2006.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.9. Sept. 2005. p.538.

Comparing the life-cycle costs of standard and head-hardened rail

Studies to examine the life-cyle cost of different types of rail are reported. Track tests and a technical assessment of standard carbon R260 and head-hardened R350HT rail were carried out under different conditions. Comparisons of the net present value of R260 and R350HT rail (euros per metre of track) and maintenance intervals, assuming 90,000 gross tonnes/day, are given. Work was carried out by German Railway and voestalpine Schienen GmbH.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.9. Sept. 2005. p.549-551.

Tubular Track offers continuous rail support at a competitive price

The Tubular Track (TT) system, invented by Peter Küsel, which consists of a ballastless trackform with twin reinforced concrete beams laid on a specially-designed formation and held in place with galvanised steel gauge bars spaced to suit lateral forces, is being trialled on a 25 km section of main line in Namibia. Special shoulder fastenings welded to the gauge bars and to intermediate elements between the gauge bars hold the rails in place. Some details of the TT system, its development and early applications, advantages over conventional systems, trials and future development are discussed.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.9. Sept. 2005. p.553-554.

A rail vision for the capital

The package of major projects, upgrades and smaller schemes planned to create the extra capacity, required to meet a forecasted 30% rise in peak demand on London's commuter railways over the next 20 years, are described.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.9. Sept. 2005. p.566-567.

Government says it does not intend to stifle development of rail freight

The Department for Transport's policies on rail freight, following the transfer of responsibility from the SRA in July, are briefly described. Since privatisation in 1995, freight has risen 55% by tonne/km.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.684. Sept. 2005. p.13.

Boom time for track renewals

An insight into Network Rail's large track renewal programme is presented in an interview with David Ventry, Head of Track Engineering. When renewals are carried out (condition not age); where renewals take place; what is renewed; what track is renewed with; switches and crossings; and pro-activity in track renewals are discussed. A figure lists Network Rail track renewal contracts, giving location and companies involved.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.684. Sept. 2005. p.36-38,40-42.

Track renewals key in on-track plant sector

High output track renewal equipment aimed at increased productivity are described and reviewed.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.684. Sept. 2005. p.50,52.

Hatfield accused acquitted by jury/Hugs as jury clears rail crash accused

A jury has acquitted five senior rail executives of breaching safety standards before the Hatfield rail disaster. However the same jury has also found Railtrack (now Network Rail) guilty of offences under the Health and Safety at Work Act. Network Rail, together with the track maintenance company Balfour Beatty, now faces heavy fines when it is sentenced in October.

Further articles discuss: how a gross miscalculation of the risks arising from gauge corner cracking and other errors led to the accident; how the jury system has been vindicated in a long and complex trial; and how tough lessons appear to have been learnt by the rail infrastructure industry in the years following.

Financial Times, 7 Sep 2005. pp 1, 2

Taiwan bullet train to run a year late

Taiwan High Speed Rail has announced a delay of one year in the plans to open the new rail service, putting launch back to 31st October 2006.

Financial Times, 9 Sept.2005. p.28.

Hatfield tragedy has brought "revolution in rail repairs"

An executive of Network Rail has said that maintenance has been revolutionised by the introduction of new technology and ways of working, most significantly by taking back control of maintenance from outside contractors. A new computer system had also been installed to allow all staff to plan maintenance in the same way.

Financial Times, 8 Sep 2005. p.6.

Keeping training on track

Summaries of papers presented at the latest Institute of Rail Welding seminar on developments in training and competence assurance in rail welding are given - Network Rail's requirements; approval of welder training centres; European standards for rail welding training and qualification; experience with the new harmonised aluminothermic welder training package; training in arc welding of rails; the RAILSAFE project; and competence in NDT.

Welding Lines, no.14. July 2005. pp.1-3.

Bombardier takes Dutch regional order

A Bombardier/Siemens partnership has been awarded a 248M euro contract by Netherlands Railways for supply of 18 four-car and 17 six-car EMUs. Options for further units could increase the contract to 1.2bn euros. Delivery of the EMUs is to be from autumn 2008. Another contract covers the supply of spares.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.8. Aug.2005. p.461.

China

Two articles cover developments and plans in China. 'Network expansion plan aims to reach 100,000 km by 2020' discusses the principal elements in Chinese Railway's long-term expansion strategy, which includes the development of duplicate corridors to segregate freight and passenger services, and new lines to open up the west of the country. 'High speed trainsets take shape' looks at the three fleets of high speed trains ordered by Chinese Railways for the operation of 200 km/h regional inter-city services.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.8. Aug.2005. pp.479-487.

Coal spearheads traffic growth

Substantial growth in rail freight is reported in the Strategic Rail Authority's National Rail Trends Yearbook. Traffic rose 9.5% to 20.7bn net tonne kilometres in 2004/5, compared to 2003/4. This represents a 60% growth in 10 years. Coal movements rose by over 20%. Rail freight replaced 1.43bn lorry kilometres in 2004/5, 5.9% up on the previous year. Further figures are reported.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.683. Aug.2005. p.10.

Network Rail to offer three-year apprenticeships

Changes at Network Rail since the company regained responsibility for maintenance include increases in training and recruitment and the reinstatement of an apprenticeship scheme. Planned expenditure on training includes: £30m on the apprenticeship scheme in Gosport; £20m on regional schools for track maintenance engineers; £15m on signalling training facilities in Watford and Leeds; £20m on a management training centre in Coventry.

Financial Times, 15 August 2005. p.3.

Economic doubts over high-speed link

A National Audit Office report has warned that the economic case for the high-speed rail link between London and the Channel is still unclear. The cost to the taxpayer was likely to be around £260 million, and justifying the project would depend on "wider benefits" such as economic regeneration. But a joint statement from the builders and Eurostar remarks that the NAO makes no comment on the implications if the link had not been built.

Financial Times, 21 Jul 2005. p 4

Balfour Beatty admits safety breaches

The long-running trial stemming from the Hatfield rail crash was dramatically curtailed after Balfour Beatty, which was involved in track maintenance, admitted breaching health and safety laws. The change of plea effectively ends Balfour Beatty's part in the jury proceedings, and sentencing will take place later. The trial continues against Network Rail, three of its employees and two former Balfour Beatty managers, all of whom are also facing health and safety-related charges. Yesterday lawyers for four of the defendants as well as those representing Network Rail indicated that they would not be calling any evidence. The curtailing of the proceedings comes after the judge dismissed manslaughter charges against the five individual defendants and Balfour Beatty last week.

Financial Times, 19 Jul 2005. p.4.

On track for Swedish biogas train

The world's first biogas train has been launched in Sweden. Powered by two biogas bus engines the vehicle can carry 54 passengers 372 miles without refuelling at a top speed of 80 m.p.h. The train goes into service in September.

The Engineer, vol.293, no.7678. 27 June - 10 July 2005. p.7.

GB Railfreight wins long-term mail deal

Royal Mail has contracted GB Railfreight to move its mail until 31 March 2006, with an option on a further 12 months. Two trains a day will operate between the Princess Royal Distribution Centre in Willesden and Shieldmuir Royal Mail Terminal via Warrington Royal Mail Terminal.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.682. July 2005. p.12.

Crossrail requests additional £150m for studies

The Crossrail project is requesting a further £150m for studies to be carried out into its design. £300m has already been spent on feasibility work. The link is likely to cost £10bn. Ken Livingstone, Mayor of London, is thought to have offered to supply the funds from the TfL resources on condition that it is refunded by the transport department later. The further studies are designed to drive down the price.

Financial Times, 5 July 2005. p.4.

China paves way for first foreign-owned rail track

Shandong in eastern China has called for overseas investment in up to six new railway lines. They are expected to cost more than £332 million, but potential investors may be deterred by the weight of regulation, which is sometimes self-contradictory.

Financial Times, 15 Jun 2005. p 9

Base tunnel holed through

The final breakthrough has been made in the 34.6 km Loetschberg base tunnel in Switzerland. Due to open in 2007 the tunnel will handle over 150 trains a day, including 110 freight trains, and six international Cisalpino trains each way between Basel and Milan.

Railway Gazette, June 2005. p 302

Scottish rail plans

The Scottish Executive and the Strategic Rail Authority have commissioned Arup to prepare a long-term strategy for the development of rail services in Scotland.

Railway Gazette, June 2005. p 308

Broad gauge ICE3 in sight

Russian Railways is nearer to concluding a contract with Siemens for high-speed trains, in which the German company will assemble the trains in Russia. Russia is committed to modernising its 86,660 km of railways and a high speed link between Moscow and St Petersburg is viewed as a priority.

Railway Gazette, June 2005. p 312

New train shifts inertia of French rail freight

An outline of changes over recent years in Europe in the privatisation of rail freight operations. Under European Union legislation state track owning and operating arms have been separated from the operators to allow competition. The running of the first privately owned freight train in France from Dugny, near Verdun, to Germany occurred on 13 June, operated by Connex, and faced protesting trade unionists, fearing that the power of the French rail workers will be undermined. Operators from elsewhere in Europe are to follow. It is hoped that more customers will be interested in using rail freight if the services is improved over the former state system.

Financial Times, 14 June 2005. p.8.

New standard structure

An outline of the new structure set up within the Rail Safety Standards Board (RSSB) to improve delivery of standards to support delivery of performance, efficiency and safety in the rail industry. The team put in place to do this is detailed.

Rail Safety & Standards Board Information Bulletin, issue 79. Apr.2005. p.1.

Tube group 'fail to deliver' track, signal and station upgrades

A report by the London assembly's transport committee has shown that Metronet and Tubelines, the two consortia in charge of maintaining the London Underground, have not dealt with necessary improvements to the track, signals, lifts, escalators and stations. In addition overnight engineering works were overrunning and causing problems with morning commuter services. There are also concerns that heavy or difficult maintenance work may be delayed by the companies until their contracts come to an end.

Financial Times, 7 June 2005. p.4.

DLR orders 24 LRVs from Bombardier

The Docklands Light Railway has ordered 24 automatically guided light rail cars from Bombardier, with an option on a further nine. The contract is worth up to £66.5 million and the vehicles are scheduled for delivery in 2007/8.

Modern Railways, Jun 2005. p 6

Crossrail in the Parliamentary process

Prompted by the passage of the Crossrail Bill through Parliament this article reviews the Crossrail project. It describes the route across (and under) London from Maidenhead to Shenfield (Essex) and Abbey Wood (Kent) and the main construction works that will be needed.

Modern Railways, Jun 2005. p 28-33

Mitsubishi wins $3.4bn Dubai light railway deal

Details are given of the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries led consortium's success in gaining the contract for an urban light railway, Dubai Rapid Link (DURL), in Dubai. Other companies in the consortium are: Obayashi and Kajima Corporations of Japan and Yapi Merkezi of Turkey. Construction will take 5 years, and the contract includes a 15 year, $152m maintenance services contract.

Financial Times 30 May 2005. p.20.

[Rail Safety Standards Board Annual Safety Performance Report 2004]

Details are given of the report published 3 May. The headlines given are: two fatal train accidents resulting in 8 fatalities; 9 members of the workforce killed. Changes in figures between 2003 and 2004 are: number of SPADs decreased from 379 to 42; public accidental fatalities fell from 57 to 42; reported assaults on staff increased from 3,640 to 3,847; serious 'line of route offences' reduced by 14% from 4,128 to 3,545; rail breaks fell from 380 to 334; buckled rails fell from 137 to 32.

Rail Safety Standards Board Information Bulletin, issue 80, May 2005. pp.1-2. Also: http://www.rssb.co.uk/aspr.asp

Huge industry interest in change to road trail vehicle acceptance standard

An outline is given of the changes to GM/RT 1300 - Engineering acceptance of road rail vehicles and associated equipment being worked on by the RSSB. The new standard and associated guidance note is expected to be published in the autumn.

Rail Safety Standards Board Information Bulletin, issue 80, May 2005. pp.2-3.

Tube milestone

Bombardier has started production of new trains for the Victoria Line. In all the company will build 376 cars (47 trains) and will also install a new signalling system. The trains will enter service between 2009 and 2011.

Railway Strategies, May-Jun 2005. p.26.

Texas on track for largest Skylink

A new airport train system, claimed to be the world's largest, is to open this week at Dallas-Fort Worth airport. The automated Skylink covers a distance of 5 miles, 50 feet above ground, at a cost of $880m.

Financial Times, 19 May 2005. p.14.

System on fast track to a crisis

An outline of the congestion on the US railroad system and the stockpiling of freight around the country is given. The reason given is under investment and poor planning as railroad companies failed to plan for the high rise in imports from Asia via California. Last year there was a cut-back in locomotive orders and a retirement scheme led to the exodus of experienced workers. Both trends have been reversed. Most investment is in maintenance of existing track, and any additions to capacity are relatively modest as the industry fears being left with excess equipment and track if demand slackens. Proposals are outlined of methods of raising finance for road and rail projects in southern California.

Financial Times, 23 May 2005. Special Report: World Ports. p.4.

Network Rail blacklists Mowlem

Network Rail has banned Mowlem from renewal work on the UK's rail system. After only a few hours of use, newly-commissioned track on the West Coast main line started to drop and give trains a bumpy ride. Inspectors found that Mowlem had used the wrong clamps and equipment to join the new track to the old.

Financial Times, 11 May 2005. p 22

RSSB reorganises

The Rail Safety and Standards Board has established a new organisational structure, aligned with European requirements, "to provide a clear focus on delivering standards to support the rail industry in the delivery of performance, efficiency and safety". A new standards team will focus on the alignment of domestic standards with technical specifications for interoperability, and on simplification of domestic standards. The number of mandatory standards is expected to halve over the next two years, allowing greater flexibility, say RSSB.

Modern Railways, May 2005. p.9.

Rail staff deaths worst since 1991

During 2004 eight track workers died in railway accidents, following only three deaths in 2003. In 1991, the previous highest, the total was twelve. The number of assaults on railway staff also went up 6% to 3847, but the number of accidental deaths involving the public fell from 57 to 42.

Financial Times, 4 May 2005. p 4.

No duty to promote the use of rail

A last-ditch attempt to get a clause into the Railways Act 2005 that allows for the promotion of rail services has failed. The Act also fails to maintain the role of Passenger Transport Executives (PTEs) in developing services in conurbations. A former British Rail executive has accused the government of making it easier to substitute bus services and leaving the PTEs to shoulder the burden of making unpopular choices about the future shape of the rail network.

Railway Gazette International, May 2005. p 239

Merseytram ready to start

Merseyside PTE has selected Grant Rail and Laing O'Rourke as prime contractor for Merseytram Line 1 between Liverpool and Kirkby. Work is due to start on 1 July 2005 for completion by December 2007. Bombardier is to supply 21 low-floor trams for Lines 1 and 2.

Railway Gazette International, May 2005. p 244

10,000 km in next master plan

Chinese Railways' master plan for 2006-2010 proposes 10,000 km of new railways. These include 11 dedicated high-speed passenger lines, which will release pressure on existing lines and enable the carriage of more freight. It is expected that by 2010 the railways could be carrying 1.5 billion tonnes of coal per year.

Railway Gazette International, May 2005. p.241.

Hitachi V-train passes test on CTRL

Details are given of testing the Hitachi dual voltage verification V-train in the Channel Tunnel rail link (CTRL) in Kent. The company is the preferred bidder to build 30 trains for domestic services along this line, and compatibility with the route infrastructure has been proved. It is also reported that Alistair Dormer has been appointed general manager of the rail group business of Hitachi Europe Ltd.

Railnews, Issue 99. May 2005. p.8.

Port launches rail consultation

Details are given of public consultation by the Port of Felixstowe on proposals to improve the rail hub and rail operations at the port, to accommodate traffic from the proposed Felixstowe south project and include a third terminal, three additional wagon sidings and a double track on the Trimley St Mary branch line between Nacton and the Suffolk Showground.

Business Weekly, No.412. 28 Apr. - 8 May 2005. Relocation and Property p.5.

Info4rail.com

IHS Technical Indexes (IHSti; Bracknell, Berks, UK) has launched an online resource covering the most up-to-date rail documentation. The site provides access to the National Hazards Directory; Network Rail's Company Standards; IHSti's construction and health and safety information services; and full text product catalogues of over 5,500 UK suppliers and manufacturers. For further information tel: +44 (0) 1344 404434, or e-mail: marketing@ihsti.com.

Press Release. Bracknell, UK; IHSti, 2004. 2pp.

Sixty-five dead in Japan train crash

A Japanese commuter train jumped the rails in Amagasaki, west of Osaka, and crashed into a block of flats, killing at least 65 people. The train had previously overshot a station and had to back up to let passengers off, and then started wobbling as it picked up speed. The article also reported Japan Airlines as saying its commitment to safety was insufficient due to excessive focus on keeping to schedules. It has also been reported that japan's worst nuclear accident in August 2004 was caused by lack of oversight and the 'demise of safety culture'.

Financial Times, 26 Apr.2005. p.9.

Prescott brings rail plans back on line to underpin growth

Details are given of a relaunched initiative by the office of the Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott, and the Department for Transport to re-open a public enquiry into the Thameslink 2000 in September 2005. In addition he is working with the Department for Environment, Food and Regional Affairs to consider the East-West rail link, to provide a passenger rail link between Cambridge and Oxford, and to underpin the Sustainable Communities plan in Milton Keynes and the South Midlands region.

Business Weekly, 24-31 Mar.2005. p.9.

An energy saving program for train drivers

Deutsche Bahn, the German national railroad company, is expecting to save 10% of energy consumption using a program which enables good train drivers to reduce energy consumption dramatically by making use of gradients and weather conditions. Details are given of the figures that can be achieved.

Wind Power Monthly, vol.21. no.4. Apr.2005. p.8.

Potters Bar derailment: report and recommendations

The Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) has issued this week the formal enquiry report into the rail crash at potters Bar on 10 May 2002. The main conclusion is that parts of the points were moving as the train passed over them and as the third carriage passed over the right hand switch rail closed against its stock rail with the left hand switch rail closed and locked against its stock rail. Wheelsets then met both switch rails simultaneously and were squeezed into derailment. The movement of the right hand switch rail was the result of the fracture of the lock stretcher bar at the right hand end when the switch rail was not properly restrained. The lock stretcher bar had been subject to stresses greater than its design stress which caused fatigue cracks to develop. The panel could not establish how the stretcher bars came to be in this condition. Immediate recommendations included providing a detailed specification to contractors on fitting adjustable stretcher bar assemblies, in particular positioning and locking stretcher bar nuts. This was undertaken in June 2002. Further recommendations have now been made including: reviewing guidance in the Good Practice Guide for stretcher bar installation; developing a training programme; additional managerial control to manage risks; reviewing systems for reporting defects; reviewing the design of some of the components; reviewing inspection systems; reviewing related standards and technical documents; clarifying staff responsibilities and Rail Incident Officers competence.

Rail Safety &Standards Board report summary. 14 Apr.2005. RSSB website http://www.rssb.co.uk/index.asp

Keeping our trains on track

From 2011 EU emissions regulations for non-road vehicles will include new railway engines. As a response the UK rail industry is funding trials of sulphur-free diesel, and the investigation of alternative technologies for powering trains. Some options - hydrogen fuel/fuel cells, electrification - are discussed.

The Engineer, vol.293, no.7671. 29 March - 7 April 2005. pp.16-17.

NR takes on bigger role from 4 April

From this date, Network Rail is to become the single point of responsibility for rail industry performance, implementing performance improvement plans locally in partnership with train companies. NR will also be responsible for the collection of railway performance data, formerly undertaken by the Strategic Rail Authority. The data will be published by the Office of Rail Regulation as before.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.679. April 2005. p.6.

Network Rail launches apprenticeship scheme

A new advanced apprenticeship scheme, consisting of a three year course, has been launched by Network Rail. Training will be carried out at HMS Sultan with accommodation at HMS Collingwood; the latter facilities are Europe's largest engineering training centre. Railway track, signals and other rail infrastructure are being constructed in a hangar. Training will be given by Network Rail, Royal Navy and Flagship Training Ltd personnel, and those completing the course are guaranteed work in the Network Rail maintenance team.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.679. April 2005. p.7.

Work starts on Manchester TPE depot at Ardwick

Construction of the Siemens Traincare Depot (Ardwick, Manchester) by Taylor Woodrow Construction commenced on the 10th March. The depot will carry out maintenance for the Class 185 Desiro DMUs due to enter service in early 2006. Atkins Rail is to construct the depot rail connection. Some details of the facilities the depot will provide are given.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.679. April 2005. p.9.

Petrochemical deals

Contracts won recently by GB Railfreight, Freightliner Heavy Haul and EWS from Petrochem Carless, ConocoPhillips and Total UK Ltd respectively are briefly described. All feature the transport of petrochemicals (gas condensate, drilling mud oils, transport and heating fuels, aviation fuel, bitumen), replacing other forms of transport.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.679. April 2005. p.10.

AMEC upgrade contract in Northern Ireland

The AMEC/FP McCann joint venture has been selected to carry out the renewal of all track, physical infrastructure upgrading and the installation of replacement signalling between Belfast and Larne (2.5 miles of single track/7.5 miles of double track). The contract is valued at £17M and is to be completed by the end of the year.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.679. April 2005. p.14.

Corus to concentrate rail making at Scunthorpe

Work is under way to upgrade the Scunthorpe section mill to become the UK facility for rail production. Longer rail lengths will be offered (up to 120 m) and a new customer service centre established. Rail production is to be transferred from Workington.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.679. April 2005. p.14.

Rise and shine for Japan's first Maglev

Chubu HSST Development Corporation has designed and built Japan's first magnetically levitated train. The Linimo was launched in early March to carry visitors to 2005 World Expo in the Nagoya Eastern Hills. The 8.9 km track runs between Nagoya City and Toyota City. The three carriage Maglev travels at 62 mph.

The Engineer, vol.293, no.7670. 11-24 March 2005. p.7.

Taking a different line

Development of an ultrasonic rail checking device for operation on conventional passenger trains is being supported by Network Rail and London Underground. Work is to be carried out at Warwick, Birmingham and Bristol Universities over a three year period, starting this summer. The limitations of conventional systems used today (operating speed) are looked at briefly. The team is to commence with the detection of near surface defects at speed; new approaches to inspecting the whole railhead at high speed will also be developed. The project, funded by EPSRC, also includes Corus, Serco Railtest, NDT Solutions and RWL (Roger West Laboratories).

The Engineer, vol.293, no.7670. 11-24 March 2005. p.12.

The prospects for light rail in Britain

The reasons behind the conclusion last year by the UK National Audit Office, that the UK's light rapid transit schemes rate as 'disappointing' are examined. A way forward is offered and two critical issues (method of procurement and competition) are highlighted.

Railway Strategies, no.29. March/April 2005. p.96-98.

Metronet builds virtual tube

Metronet, the consortium responsible for the majority of the London Underground, is using a Railway Engineering Simulator to reduce the time it takes to carry out work on track and signals. Repairs and modifications are usually only carried out during the few hours in the middle of the night when the trains do not run but the simulator allows detailed planning, preparation and testing in advance.

Computing. 17 Mar.2005. p.20.

Is high speed link back on track?

The transport secretary, Alistair Darling, has stated that a high speed rail link between London and Scotland is one of the issues to be considered in planning the direction of the rail industry over the next 20-30 years. Another major matter to be considered is the need to replace the UK's ageing fleet of high speed trains.

Railnews, no.97. March 2005. p.6.

Intelligent trains provide real-time feedback

The increasing role of rolling stock manufacturers and service specialists in maintenance provision is considered, using Bombardier's Service Division as an example. The company has a vehicle information system which transfers data via the mobile phone network to a centralised database. Records can be accessed via the internet providing real-time tracking of equipment condition. Some of Bombardier's maintainance contracts are described.

Railway Gazette International, vol.161, no.3. March 2005. p.156,158.

Hatfield safeguards 'not observed'

In a report of the Old Bailey trial related to the Hatfield crash, Railtrack's head at the time, David Ventry, said that correct standards were in place and if they had been followed the accident would not have taken place.

Financial Times, 8 Mar.2005. p.2.

Blair seeks MagLev election boost

It is expected that the proposed north-south high speed rail line will aim to use magnetic levitation technology and an announcement to this effect will be made in the run up to the General Election to associate the government with a 'high tech' image. This surmise comes as a result of a recent meeting between the Transrapid Consortium and the prime minister.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.678. March 2005. p.5.

Mowlem suspended from track renewal

Following a report of ride problems on the down fast line at Bushey in January, a rail inspection revealed rail clips out of place and a rail section 'not fit for purpose'. Mowlem had been working on track renewal activities on this section as part of the alliance for West Coast main line works; they were suspended from work. Mowlem is not a Network Rail territory track renewal contractor.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.678. March 2005. p.12.

NR [Network Rail] steps up track renewals

The roll out of NR high output track renewal plant is described. £3.3bn is being spent on track renewals between 2004/5 and 2008/9, coupled with a drive to achieve 30% efficiency on the unit rate of delivery. The NR objectives of 'high volume, cost down, quality up', and investment in equipment are discussed.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.678. March 2005. pp.61-62.

Tube track renewal

The problems facing contractors working on the London Underground - short possessions, poor accessibility, nowhere to store materials - are discussed from the Tube Lines' perspective. The latter is responsible for the Jubilee/Northern/Piccadilly Public Private Partnership concession, which includes a 25 km underground section between Morden and East Finchley. Means to improve accessibility are under consideration. The use of battery-powered trolleys and long welded rail trains is described.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.678. March 2005. p.68,70-72.

Lightweight composite meets fire demands for train interiors

GE Advanced Materials offers Adzel Rail-Lite, lightweight thermoformable composite sheet material for large semi-structural panels inside passenger trains, which is designed to meet flammability and smoke emission requirements.

British Plastics & Rubber. Feb.2005. p.30.

Corus invests £130m in long rail track production

Corus is investing in new casting equipment at its site in Scunthorpe to enable it to supply modern rail track from the UK rather than import it from France. The sections, at up to 120 metres, will require less welding & so be smoother and intrinsically safer. This will however lead to the closure of the Workington plant, and the loss of jobs at Scunthorpe, as the process is less labour-intensive.

Financial Times. 18 Feb.2005. p.22.

Made to measure

The measurement train, used by Network Rail for monitoring track quality, is described. Costing £8M, the two vehicle roving laboratory provides track geometry data; non-contact overhead line inspection, thickness measurement and tension data; gauging of the railway line width; video footage of the rail; ballast profiling and railhead condition monitoring. The units can operate at 125 mph. Wheelchex units, manufactured by AEA Technology Rail, are being used on the network to detect wheel flats on passing trains that can lead to rail damage. Network Rail has reported a fall in broken rails from 954 in 1999 to 345 in 2004.

Railnews, no.96. Feb.2005. p.8.

Ministers gagged SRA [Strategic Rail Authority] over rail closures

In the middle of 2003, UK government told SRA not to publish a document which reported that an estimated 25% of the rail network would need to be shut down within three years, as it became unsafe, since no additional funds were being made available for repairs identified as necessary in the aftermath of the Hatfield crash. The controversial estimate was removed from the network output statement before it was published in September 2003. The increase in costs of using track due to start in April 2006, the 2004 review of the structure of the industry, and the abolition of the SRA can be traced back to this statement.

Financial Times, 10 Feb.2005 p.2.

East-west Crossrail route finalised

The route to be taken by the proposed rail link across London has been decided. Running from Maidenhead, Berks. to Shenfield, Essex, the rail will run in tunnels between Paddington and Whitechapel and across the Isle of Dogs. Branches will link to Heathrow and Abbey Wood. Cost of the project is estimated at £10bn.

Financial Times, 11 Feb.2005. p.2.

Hatfield line 'had broken rail before crash'

During evidence given at the Old Bailey, five senior managers at Railtrack were said to have known that there had been similar broken rail incidents in the same line a year earlier. They were also aware that there were concerns over the spread of a particular type of rail fatigue. The case still continues.

Financial Times, 2 Feb.2005, p.3.

London's transport plans unveiled

Details of the next 5 year investment programme funded by Transport for London are given. The £10bn of works are listed under two headings - rail elements (underground line extensions, new trains, etc.) and specific improvements to the Underground (upgrades to track, signalling, station modernisations, etc.)

Railway Strategies, no.28. Jan.-Feb.2005. p.5.

Shipshape rail services

The FINESSE project (Freight INtermodality and Exchange on Seas and Straits in Europe) is briefly introduced. Supported by the European Regional Development Fund North West Europe Programme, the project is a partnership between ports and regional authorities (Belgium, France, UK) focusing on moving freight from road to rail, helped by the reintroduction of technologies such as the train ferry, plus other intermodal rail services and the shipment of containers, trailers, etc. For further information see www.finesse-project.net.

Railway Strategies, no.28. Jan.-Feb.2005. p.13.

Freight transport gets back on track

A review of the ports policy is to be undertaken by the UK government, with particular emphasis on road and rail improvements required to meet future developments. ERM has carried out transport assessments of the proposed new container terminal at Bathside Bay (Essex) and the improvements at Felixstowe. The Strategic Rail Authority and Network Rail are considering the rail improvements that would be needed to meet extra capacity requirements if the plans go ahead.

Railway Strategies, no.28. Jan.-Feb.2005. p.36.

The International Benchmarking project

A brief overview of the three year International Benchmarking study, being carried out by Imperial College (London), of UK and overseas railways, to provide a resource for information sharing and the comparison of different aspects of railway performance, is presented. Sources used in the project, some findings to date, and problems faced during benchmarking are discussed, and the future direction of the project is considered. A table gives a comparison of the scale and efficiency of railway networks in China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK and USA with figures for population, area covered, route length, route per area, passenger km, freight tonne km, freight efficiency, passenger efficiency and overall network efficiency relative to the UK.

Railway Strategies, no.28. Jan.-Feb.2005. p.70-72.

Tube's new Land Rover tracks down rail cracks

The new innovative road-rail modified Land Rover, designed specifically for the open sections of the London Underground system, operated by Metronet and Tube Lines, is described. Designed by Sperry Rail, the unit is driven onto the rail track where its ultrasonic probes measure rail depth every 5 mm at 10 mph. Metronet/Tube Lines are planning to introduce a fully automated inspection train, equipped with ultrasonic track-recording and thermal imaging equipment, to move closer to their goal of zero broken rails.

Railway Strategies, no.28. Jan.-Feb.2005. p.80-81.

Rail journeys record broken again

The Association of Train Operating Companies has announced that the highest number of passenger rail journeys since 1959 were undertaken in 2004. Details of the types of journeys and growth flows between major centres (e.g. Manchester-York, Cambridge-London) are given.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.677. Feb.2005. p.9.

West Highland freight back on rail

3,500 lorries per annum are to be removed from the Fort William to Glasgow road following the signing of a contract between Alcan and EWS. 4,000 tonnes of aluminium ingot from the Fort William smelter is to be taken by rail to Mossend (Monday to Friday) en route to the Newport rolling mills (South Wales) by sea. On Saturday the service between Mossend and Fort William is available to others.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.677. Feb.2005. p.16.

Train manufacture rollercoaster ride on the downswing

A round-up of new rolling stock on order is presented. It is considered that privatisation has accentuated the cyclical peaks and troughs in the industry. Tables list post-privatisation rolling stock orders; Bombardier Transportation in the UK; and Alstom Transport in the UK.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.677. Feb.2005. pp.32-35.

'Pioneers': Bombardier cracks on in Brugge

The string of orders coming into the Belgium manufacturing unit of Bombardier are reviewed. The Brugge unit specialises in steel bodies, whereas the Derby (UK) plant fabricates in aluminium. Meridian and Voyager train manufacture are compared; testing and delivery are also considered.

Modern Railways, vol.62, no.677. Feb.2005. pp.44-46,48.

Network Rail and HSBC in court clash

HSBC Rail is claiming nearly £6 million from Network Rail for rolling stock that was damaged or destroyed in the Hatfield rail crash.The QC for HSBC said that negligence and causation were admitted by Network Rail but the issue was whether HSBC and GNER had suffered permanent loss and could recover the damages. On 31st Jan a criminal trial is to start of 5 former executives at Railtrack and Balfour Beatty face charges of manslaughter and breaches of health & safety law.

Financial Times. 20 Jan.2005. p.4.

Gov't opens spending spigot for 3 new bullet train lines

A rare budget boost has been agreed to construct three new shinkansen routes in the year 2005. 70.6 billion yen ($672 million) will be earmarked for the construction of the lines, two in North Japan and one in the south west. Completion of the first lines is planned for 2014 and 2015.

Nikkei Weekly, vol.42. no.2,163. 20 Dec.2004. p.7.

Five face Hatfield manslaughter charges

Five managers from Railtrack and Balfour Beatty who are facing manslaughter charges over the Hatfield rail crash in 2000 have all pleaded not guilty at the Old Bailey. The case will probably last for 9 months.

Financial Times. 11 Jan.2005. p.3.

Crossrail rival 'is needless distraction'

The Superlink project, a cross-London rail route from Reading/Basingstoke to Southend/Ipswich, proposed by a former senior manager at British Rail, John Prideaux, and a rail consultant, Michael Schabas, has been dismissed by government and railway groups. It is claimed that Superlink would carry four times as many passengers, take more pressure from the Tube and road network, generate more income and would be easier to fund. The project would include a link to Stansted airport.

Financial Times. 16 Dec.2004. p.6.

Tube contractors told to put profits into maintenance

Following the announcement of £93M in profits earned between the Tubelines and Metronet consortia over the first full year of public-private partnership, London Underground is insisting that the contractors plough the majority of profits into improved underground system maintenance. London Underground and Transport for London consider the underground maintenance poor enough to look beyond the consortia in awarding new contracts.

Financial Times. 8 Dec.2004. p.2.

A Boussinesq wedge analysis of the tensile stress region in a rail head beneath compressive and traction point loads

The circumstances under which a region of radial or longitudinal tensile stresses would exist on a rail head under a train in rectilinear motion is investigated in order to evaluate the potential frequency of fatigue crack growth. A simple Boussinesq wedge type analysis was used to show favourable mode I and mixed-mode fatigue crack propagation possibilities.

Kfouri A P

Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.27, no.12. Dec.2004. pp.1119-1122. 2 fig., 9 ref.

France plans low-fare TGV attack on low-cost carriers

SNCF has introduced a 19 euro fare for the Paris-Marseille journey to take passengers back from the cheap seat airlines. New rolling stock is to be built, providing two decks offering different levels of customer service.

Flight International, vol.166, no.4962. 30 Nov.-6 Dec.2004. p.12.

FT Special Report: Business Travel

The special supplement includes the following: 'Renaissance as journey times fall' looks at how business executive are opting to travel by rail instead of air, as the high speed rail network expands. Recent reductions in journey times between London and major northern European cities are examined. 'A supersonic business future?' speculates on the prospect of a successor to Concorde emerging within 10 years.

Financial Times. 15 Nov.2004. Special Report: Business Travel. p.5.

Commuters to get the 140mph Hitachi bullet/Japanese bullet train promises Ashford to London in 34 minutes

A fleet of trains, based on the Shinkansen 400 'bullet' train, could be in service on the Channel Tunnel rail link high speed line by the end of this decade. Builders Hitachi have won preferred bidder status to supply 30 six car trains for the UK's railway. The line is due for completion by 2007.

Railnews, no.93. Nov.2004. pp.1,3.

Metro construction sets to boom

Plans being drawn up in China to construct 1,200 - 1,500 km of new urban railways over the next 10 years are discussed. The metro projects will take place in 43 cities with populations of over one million. A table gives an extract from the Railway Gazette metro and light rail projects database and shows some of the projects under construction (city, route, project status, length (km) and opening date).

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.11. Nov.2004. p.743.

EIM strives to foster Europe's rail market

The emerging influence of the European Railway Agency across the enlarged European Union is discussed by the EIM president, Jean-Marie Bertrand. The European Rail Infrastructure Managers' Association (EIM) was set up in 2002 to represent infrastructure businesses among European railways.

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.11. Nov.2004. p.775.

Ultrasonic defect detection comes to the Underground

Metronet Rail and Tube Lines have introduced the use of Sperry Rail's ultrasonic defect detection system to the open track sections of the London Underground, 50% of its total length. The system inspects, creates, displays and stores data from both rails simultaneously and is capable of detecting all types of rail defects, including wear and corrosion. Further details are given.

Modern Railways, vol.61, no.674. Nov.2004. p.10.

Rail freight boost for port as track opens to biggest containers

With the alteration of key parts of the rail routes to allow passage of the largest shipping containers, Freightliner, EWS and GB Railfreight all plan to increase substantially the number of containers moved by rail. An 18 month project has raised bridges and lowered rail track on the Felixstowe to London route, from where containers will go on to the London to Glasgow west coast main line. The work, which was completed under budget, was funded by the Strategic Rail Authority.

Financial Times. 15 Oct.2004. p.2.

West Midlands pledges £100M towards revamp of station designated country's worst bottleneck

The New Street station (Birmingham) up-grade is to be assisted by funding from Advantage West Midlands, the regional development agency. The sum pledged leaves £150M to be found from the private sector.

Financial Times. 15 Oct.2004. p.2.

BS EN 13481-4:2002

Railway applications. Track. Performance requirements for fastening systems. Part 4: Fastening systems for steel sleepers. Corrigendum 1 AMD 15317 has been issued for this standard.

[BSI] Update Standards. Oct.2004. p.22.

DR 04304

Railway track materials. Part 15: Welding of steel rail. (Draft Australian standard. Revision of AS 1085.15-1995.)

Australasian Welding Journal, vol.49, no.3. 2004. p.28.

News in brief

A rail products company has been set up in Scotland by AEA Technology (AEAT). The unit is based in Glengarock, near Glasgow. Some of the 40 staff has moved from AEAT's Derby headquarters, and consist of system engineers, logistic controllers and software analysts.

Railnews, no.90. Aug.2004. p.5.

FT Rail Industry

A special report focuses on how the sector is critical to an economy's efficiency. The following articles are presented: 'Acceleration from past to future' looks at the co-existence of traditional and modern technologies, but considers that huge changes are on the way, particularly in high-speed passenger travel; 'Engineers still get their kicks with the Class 66' looks at the purchase of North American diesels for UK freight motive power; 'Bumpy ride likely for manufacturers' describes the consolidation underway in the railway sector, with smaller companies being absorbed by larger companies, such as Bombardier Transportation, Alstom and Siemens; 'Steam builds behind moves toward change' shows how cross-border trains in Europe are moving into a new phase, drivers changing at the border, instead of locomotives; 'Leaning into the straight and narrow' looks at tilting trains and the history behind getting them running on the UK's rail network; 'Europe-wide management system gets a cautious green light' discusses the importance of a common set of rail standards across Europe. This is expected to take decades to achieve, but signalling based on the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) has already been in use in Switzerland for 2 years; 'The sad death of another boyhood dream' considers the conversion to computer-controlled systems, such as on the Docklands Light Railway; 'The race to be fastest on the track' looks at some manufacturers' visions of the future; and 'A streetcar-driven desire to engineer lower floors' discusses the balance between traditional design and the need for ease of use in tram and light rail systems'.

Financial Times. 21 Sept.2004. Special Report: Rail Industry. 4pp.

Accidents on railways hit record low levels

The Health and Safety Executive has reported that, despite two accidents during the past year, the passenger safety record on London Underground has continued to improve. Further details of the HSE's annual report on railway safety, published on 21 Sept.2004, are given.

Financial Times. 22 Sept.2004. p.6.

Combat fatigue

The incidence and causes of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) in rails are summarised. Costing the European railway industry around 300M euros per annum for the removal and replacement of rail plus associated costs, methods of detecting and preventing RCF (inspection, grinding) are briefly described. The report by Professor Rod Smith at Imperial College, commissioned by the Railway Safety Research Programme following the derailment at Hatfield, 'Rolling contact fatigue of Rail', gives a review of the issues surrounding RCF and suggests areas for further research. Areas identified for future work are: risk modelling of the different factors and consequences of RCF to allow the prioritisation of control measures and to manage the risks; the development of models of the physical processes leading to the initiation and propagation of RCF cracks, and their likelihood of developing into fractures; wheel/rail lubrication processes; the acoustic monitoring of rail conditions; and wheel impact measurement.

Engineering, vol.245, no.7. July/Aug.2004. pp.62-63.

Ageing US rail network is stuck in a one-track world

Following all-time record freight volumes in the USA, the weaknesses of the rail system are being revealed. Large scale investment is required to modernise the US's 19th century network. 40% of US freight is carried by rail and freight volume is predicted to double over the next 20 years.

Financial Times. 13 Sept.2004. p.22.

BS 11:1985

Corrigendum 1 AMD 15105 for the above standard, 'Specification for railway rails,' has been issued by BSI.

[BSI] Update Standards. Sept.2004. p.18.

BS EN 13674-1:2003

Corrigendum 1 AMD 15298 for the above standard, 'Railway applications. Track. Rail. Part 1: Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above', has been issued.

[BSI] Update Standards. Sept.2004. p.21.

EN 14969

British Standard draft 04/30098132 DC has been issued for EN 14969, 'Railway applications. Track. Qualification of railway trackworks contractors'.

[BSI] Update Standards. Sept.2004. p.36.

A new European rail agency

The EU has established the European Rail Agency, based in Lille/Valenciennes, France. Its primary aim will be to advise the European Commission on a number of tasks - common safety methods and targets; safety certification; specifications for interoperability and its monitoring; certification of maintenance workshops; monitoring of vocational competences of safety critical staff; and the registration of rolling stock. ERA staff will be appointed for a five year period from the rail industry and the Commission of member states. The full complement of 100 employees will be 90% railway professionals.

Rail Safety and Standards Board Information Bulletin, no.71. Aug.2004. p.5.

Early slab track design revived on high speed line

A ballastless track trial, used by heavy traffic for 25 years without maintenance other than to the rails, is described. DB (Deutsche Bahn) Netz has chosen the technology for Germany's second 300 km/h line, despite its higher initial capital cost. Slab design and installation are detailed.

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.9. Sept.2004. pp.571-572.

Amey makes the grade in rail welding

The Institute of Rail Welding (IoRW) has awarded its rail welding accreditation to Amey, a major support service company of Network Rail. Previously each contractor was responsible for the training of track welders. As a means of ensuring consistency and high standards, Network Rail now requires all its contractors to be accredited by IoRW.

Railway Strategies, no.26. Sept.-Oct.2004. p.9.

Network Rail wins out in revamp

The Future of Rail white paper has given Network Rail control of timetables and co-ordination of industry planning. The company took over network maintenance and signalling in 2002, when it replaced Railtrack. The new powers are from the Strategic Rail Authority (SRA), which is to be abolished. Other SRA powers, such as the granting of franchises, are to go back to the Department for Transport. The Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) is to take on responsibility for health and safety from the Health and Safety Executive. The ORR will continue to set the price of network use by train operators.

Financial Times. 16 July 2004. p.1.

Rail review

A page of articles discuss the changes to the rail industry presented in the rail review. 'Vision of partners working along same lines' considers how the reforms should encourage co-operation between the network and train operators; 'Track operator's wishes granted' and 'End of an era for long-term plans' discuss Network Rail's gaining of powers to set timetables and to control strategy, and the achievements of the Strategic Rail Authority respectively.

Financial Times. 16 July 2004. p.3.

Railways review leaves crucial issues unresolved

A number of key issues (e.g. how train operators relate to Network Rail; how Network Rail will relate to the government, how train operators' existing franchise contracts will work in the new industry structure) have not reached definite conclusions in the white paper and are still to be resolved. Network Rail has gained significant new powers over timetabling and industry co-ordination, some coming from the Strategic Rail Authority. Some powers have been granted to the devolved Welsh and Scottish governments. Further details are given.

Financial Times. 15 July 2004. p.6.

Scots likely to gain powers over railway

As part of government plans to pass more decision making on transport to local control the Scottish Executive is expected to be given significant say over Network Rail actions in Scotland. The white paper on the future of the railways is to be published tomorrow. The Scottish Executive has been pushing Network Rail to take part in plans to extend the rail network in Scotland, with new lines to airports in Edinburgh and Glasgow; and to the towns of Alloa and Larkhall; to the Borders; plus an extension to Edinburgh's Waverley station. The white paper may give Network Rail new powers, making it accountable for spending and punctuality.

Financial Times. 14 July 2004. p.2.

Making the business case to cut rolling contact fatigue

Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is estimated to cost Network Rail £250M per annum, and possibly more, from the premature renewal of cracked rail, including switches and crossings, plus related operating costs such as monitoring crack growth and rail grinding. A Vehicle/Track System Interface Committee has been established, chaired by Andrew Doherty, to help the UK rail industry manage interfaces by the most cost effective and efficient means. How co-operation within the rail industry can achieve this is explained. Primary factors influencing RCF are considered. The purpose, scope and structure of the Vehicle/Track System Interface Committee are listed.

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.7. July 2004. pp.403-405.

Winning the RCF [rolling contact fatigue] battle on the production line

Challenges to metallurgists to develop improved manufacturing processes and product developments to decrease rail head wear, and to reduce fatigue defects and RCF are considered. Tests carried out on grade 400, 400 MHH, 800 and 900 rails by Corus, SNCF and ProRail are briefly reported.

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.7. July 2004. pp.411-412.

Rail passenger growth leads Europe

A study by the Association of Train Operating Companies has revealed that passenger travel in the UK has grown faster than in France and Germany over the last 10 years. Freight traffic has risen 32.6% over this period, putting its growth in fourth place, following Austria, The Netherlands and Spain.

Financial Times. 3/4 July 2004. p.2.

Details of fault criticality provided by new thermal imaging camera at AMEC Rail

Some details of the company's new ThermaCAM S40 thermal imaging camera for the detection of rail track hot spots (electrical faults and failures) are given. Some comparison is made to AMEC's old PM570 system. The S40 is mounted on a diesel multi-purpose cleaning train working on the Sussex Inner lines, and links to the global positioning system.

Insight, vol.46, no.6. June 2004. p.320.

Ultrasonic vehicle-based rail inspection

Sperry Rail International's involvement with First Engineering and Network Rail in the development of the UTU 5, a new road-rail vehicle ultrasonic test unit, is described. The system has been proved faster and more efficient than conventional systems (40%), and in its first year of use has achieved a significant reduction in broken rails.

Insight, vol.46, no.6. June 2004. pp.323-325.

Inspection of rail track head surfaces using electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs)

Use of EMATs, 'a pitch-catch' low frequency wideband Rayleigh wave, for the detection of gauge corner cracking on the rail head and for microstructural and stress change measurement, is described. The EMATs designed and built by the Ultrasonics Group, University of Warwick, are described; test methods used and experimental results are presented.

Dixon, S; Edwards, R S; Jian, X

Insight, vol.46, no.6. June 2004. pp.326-330. 11 fig., 1 tab. 14 ref.

Automatic defect classification in long-range ultrasonic rail inspection using a support vector machine-based 'smart system'

Results from a pilot study of a 'smart system' for the detection of rail track defects, particularly critical transverse cracks, are presented. The smart system was trained to detect defects automatically using data from a previous long range ultrasonic guided wave study. An introduction to support vector equipment is given and the procedures used to determine which data should be used to train the system are detailed.

McNamara, J D; Lanza di Scalea, F; Fateh, M

Insight, vol.46, no.6. June 2004. pp.331-337. 9 fig., 2 tab., 11 ref.

Automatic segmentation of time-of-flight diffraction images using time-frequency techniques. Application to rail-track defect detection

Novel time-frequency analysis techniques, combined with an artificial neural network, have been used to characterise ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) signals and to extract distinguishable features to be used for the detection, classification and sizing of rail defects. Using the correct processing algorithms, it is expected that TOFD can be used for the reliable and accurate automatic inspection of rails, particularly fishplates and welded joints.

Zahran O; Al-Nuaimy W

Insight, vol.46, no.6. June 2004. pp.338-343. 8 fig., 15 ref.

Early warnings of the onset of rolling contact fatigue by inspecting the residual stress environment of the railhead

An update of the MAPS multi-parameter magnetic system measurement of stress levels and distributions in service rail is presented. The data is limited to specific studies into the early stages of rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Tests were undertaken on a section of 700 grade standard rail from a 1.2 km curve (1500 m radius, 150 mm cant) with an estimated annual traffic weight of 11.5M tonnes.

Buttle, D; Dalzell, W; Thayer P J

Insight, vol.46, no.6. June 2004. pp.344-348. 14 fig., 4 ref.

Rail nine times safer than car

The Annual Safety Performance Report 2003 from the Rail Safety and Standards Board lists no fatalities or major injuries in 2003; the number of train accidents on or affecting passenger lines dropped by 27% to the lowest level ever recorded.

Modern Railways. July 2004. p.8.

What's in store for UK light rail?

A national tour of all the UK's ongoing light rail projects is presented - Manchester Metrolink, Croydon Tramlink, Sheffield Supertram, Midland Metro, Nottingham Express Transit, Docklands Light Railway, Tyne & Wear Metro, Blackpool Tramway, Leeds Supertram, Edinburgh Tramway, South Hampshire Rapid Transit, Liverpool-Merseytram, London, Glasgow, and Bristol Supertram.

Modern Railways. July 2004. pp.57-60.

Railways and Environment. Contributions to sustainable mobility: examples of good practice.

A number of specific examples of ways in which railways are helping to protect the environment are presented in a report by the Community of European Railways/International Union of Railways. Particular initiatives in developing new products, new types of service and commercial concepts and new types of equipment are described as the railways seek new customers, and build on their energy efficiency, safety and use of space. The examples given show the replacement of air routes by rail (France); parcel intercity (Germany); commuting(Sweden); electric power supplied from renewable sources (Sweden); rail freight (Switzerland); steel transport (Sweden and Belgium);the Madrid-Seville high speed link; and the Oresund bridge link between Copenhagen and Malmo.The environmental advantages of rail travel; the external effects of transport (pollution, accidents, noise, etc.); climate change and global warming; transport trends and policy implications are covered.

Brussels/Paris; CER/IUR. Sept. 2001. 32pp.

Fast tracking the vlocity project

Construction of completely self-contained diesel engined car sets for V-Line and the Victorian Government by Bombardier Transportation Australia Pty Ltd is described. The company is manufacturing 38 units, capable of speeds up to 160 kph, at its Dandenong (Melbourne) facility. The car shells, made of roll formed and laser cut profiles of 301 or 304 stainless steel, are being supplied by subcontractor, Australian Rail Manufacturers. Gas metal arc and resistance welding are being employed for joining.

Australasian Welding Journal, vol.49, no.2. 2004. pp.10, 13.

iQR on line

The products and services offered through a new global sales division are being promoted by the launch of a website by QR (Queensland Rail). QR operates a rail network over 9,500 km long; it also offers services in designing, constructing, maintaining and operating a rail network. For further information see: www.iqr.com.au.

Australasian Welding Journal, vol.49, no.2. 2004. pp.16-17.

Aluminothermic welding defects

Rail weld defects are discussed by Bob Sawdon (Balfour Beatty Rail Technologies) in the light of his research work, experiences and opinions. AT welding casting process defects - hot tear, sand burns, blackholes, oxidised welds, lack of collar, geometry problems, and general weld defects - slag inclusions, porosity, cracking, and cold lapping, are considered.

Australasian Welding Journal, vol.49, no.2. 2004. pp.18-19.

Improving the performance of rail welds under high axle load conditions

Research work carried out at the Institute of Railway Technology, Monash University (Victoria, Australia), supported by BHP Billiton Iron Ore Pty Ltd, Thermit Australia Pty Ltd and Railtech Australia Ltd, is summarised. The programme focuses on the improvement of rail weld performance by increasing the understanding of the relationship between the physical and/or metallurgical characteristics of weld types, service conditions and ultimate performance. The work is being undertaken on behalf of heavy haul rail users (over 30 tonnes axle loads).

Australasian Welding Journal, vol.49, no.2. 2004. pp.26-27.

[RIA/Esmerk deal]

Rail Industry Association exporting members can now obtain market awareness reports, following an agreement made between RIA and business information provider Esmerk. The latter is to provide current awareness reports containing news (investment plans, government policies, contracts, projects, etc.) taken from newspapers and trade journals for any country being targetted in a sales drive.

Information World Review, no.202. May 2004. p.3.

The sound of safety

The use of the G-Scan inspection system, for the detection of cracks deep within rail welds, is described. The equipment, developed by Guided Ultrasonics, an Imperial College spinout company, is based on a technique originated by the Research Centre in Nondestructive Evaluation (RCNDE) at the College. The system employs a guided wave travelling along the rail, allowing it to scan 50 m of rail in both directions from a single inspection point. Internal and surface breaking cracks can be identified in the same test. In trials the system has shown it can produce a good correlation between test results and the breaking strength of thermit welds. Full product approval is being applied for this summer. RCNDE are also developing a testing device based on high frequency (20 - 100 kHz) Rayleigh waves for the detailed inspection of rail close to the transducer. This could be used to inspect composites and metals, such as ship, aircraft and nuclear power plant components. The waves cause the material to vibrate, crack edges rubbing together create heat which is identified using a thermal imaging camera. This method originated in the USA but has not previously been harnessed into a working inspection system.

Engineering, vol.245, no.5. May 2004. pp.61, 63-64.

Carillion wins £17.6M rail compensation

The payment is part of the settlement between Network Rail and the company following the former's decision to take track maintenance back in-house. £16.5M of assets are covered by the money, making the compensation aspect £1.1M, for loss of maintenance revenue from the severed five year track renewal contract. Carillion's maintenance care for the Bristol and Gloucester areas were transferred to Network Rail over the Whit bank holiday weekend. Preston, West Coast Mainline South, South Wales and the Marches will transfer at the end of July.

Financial Times. 2 June 2004. p.22.

Effect of local induction heat treatment on the induced residual stresses in the web region of a welded rail

The effects of local induction heat treatments (IHT) on the microstructure and on the resultant tensile residual strsses in the web region of flash butt welded rail (0.59%C, 0.27%Si, 0.01%S, 0.008%P, 0.02%Cr, 0.01%Ni) were studied. Microscopic studies were undertaken on the welded zone in the head, the web and the base parts of the rail. Dilatory specimens of base metal were heat treated under different IHT cycles and phase transformations and length changes obtained. The effects of local IHT on the residual stress field in the welded zone were investigated using finite element analysis. A local induction hardening and tempering heat treatment to reduce residual stresses in the web region of a welded rail is proposed.

Mansouri H et al

Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, vol.39, no.3. May 2004. pp.271-283. 20 fig., 3 tab., 12 ref.

The role and effects of the third body in the wheel-rail interaction

The third body, a solid interfacial layer in the wheel-rail contact, has been studied from different viewpoints: its presence (composition, thickness and morphology); its role with respect to load-carrying capacity, shearing behaviour and transfer of material; and the global friction coefficient. The paper synthesises studies undertaken on specimens from rails and wheels in service, and those carried out in test laboratories. The influence of the third body on friction, adhesion and damage mechanisms (wear, pits, cracks, etc.) is proposed as a first step for its inclusion in numerical models.

Berthier Y et al

Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.27, no.5. May 2004. pp.423-436. 19 fig., 1 tab., 53 ref.

3,250 maintenance workers go in-house

Infrastructure maintenance in the Great Northern, North Eastern and Liverpool areas, 24% (4,660 track miles) of the rail network, were transferred to Network Rail control from 1 April.

Modern Railways, vol.61, no.668. May 2004. p.11.

Over 2 000 km under construction

A survey of metro and light rail projects around the world is presented. Work is in hand on new or reconstructed urban railways in 157 cities worldwide. These projects are listed.

Railway Gazette International, vol.160. Metro Report supplement. 2004. pp.12-14.

Crack detection in railway rails

Paper by R H Cook and R V Thomas, presented at the ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show 2003. Pittsburgh, USA. Oct.2003. pp.114-119.

Insight, vol.46, no.4. April 2004. p.239.

Long-range defect detection in rail tracks by guided vibrations

Paper by J McNamara and F Lanza de Scalea, presented at ASTM Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show 2003. Pittsburgh, USA. Oct.2003. Paper summary. p.106.

Insight, vol.46, no.4. April 2004. p.242.

Automatic segmentation of time-of-flight diffraction images using time-frequency techniques. Application to rail track defect detection

Paper by O Zahran, S Shihab and W Al-Nuaimy, presented at NDT 2003, Conference, Bransford, Worcester Sept.2003. pp.265-270.

Insight, vol.46, no.4. April 2004. p.242.

MAPS measurement of the residual stress environment in rail with rolling contact fatigue

Paper by P J Thayer, D J Buttle and W Dalzell, presented at NDT 2003, Conference, Bransford, Worcester Sept.2003. p.271.

Insight, vol.46, no.4. April 2004. p.242.

Network Rail set to spend £26bn over six years

The first comprehensive business plan from Network Rail is expected to contain a spending plan of £26bn for the years to 2010, mainly covering maintenance and track and signal renewal. The company plans to replace the equivalent of one and a half miles of track every day over this period. This, coupled with an increase in the speed of signal replacement, is hoped will result in 9 out of 10 trains arriving on time within 5 years.

Financial Times. 31 March 2004. p.7.

Bombardier to axe seven plants

Over the next two years Bombardier is to close 7 production facilities in 5 countries; the company has a total of 35 production sites. 6,600 jobs are expected to go, 85% of these in Europe where excess production capacity is highest. In 2004 Amadora (Portugal), Doncaster and Derby Pride Park (UK) will close, and in 2005, Pratteln (Switzerland), Ammendorf (Germany), Kalmar (Sweden) and Wakefield (UK).

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.4. April 2004. p.181.

Darling launches light rail NET

On 9 March 2004 services began on the Nottingham Express Transit Line, a 14 km light rail line from the main station through the city centre to Hucknall in the north west. A branch from Highbury Vale services a park-and-ride at Phoenix Park. The line is operated by the Arrow Light Rail consortium, which includes Bombardier, Carillion and Transdev.

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.4. April 2004. p.186.

Improvements in noncontact ultrasonic testing of rails by the discrete wavelet transform

The discrete wavelet transform is applied to two different configurations of noncontact ultrasonic rail testing. The first hybrid laser/air coupled configuration is suitable for detecting transverse surface cracks, and the second, a through transmission air coupled system, is for the detection of longitudinal internal cracks. It is shown that discrete wavelet transform processing can substantially improve the noise filtering and compression performance of both systems. The role the mother wavelet shape plays in the analysis is considered in detail.

McNamara J; Lanza de Scalea F

Materials Evaluation, vol.62, no.3. March 2004. pp.365-372. 10 fig., 22 ref.

Electrode for weld surfacing on rails

A MMA covered electrode produced by Kjellberg Finsterwalde GmbH (Finsterwalde, Germany), Finox 4370S, has been approved by Deutsche Bahn (German Railway Association) for the surfacing of rails with tensile strengths up to 685 N/mm². Suitable for welding in the flat and transverse positions, the deposit is rutile-basic; slag is easily detached or self-releases.

Welding and Cutting, vol.3, no.2. 2004. p.77.

Network Rail controls likely to be scrapped

A number of controls over Network Rail by the Strategic Rail Authority (SRA) are to be lifted by request of the rail regulator. One control is thought to be requiring SRA permission to make changes to Network Rail's licence. The SRA and Network Rail agreed in February to allow the latter to borrow £3bn in extra funds for a 2 year period, with borrowing costs funded through raising track access charges.

Financial Times. 10 March 2004. p.5.

BS EN 13848: Railway applications/track. Track geometry quality

BS EN 13848-1:2003 Characterisation of track geometry. (No current standard is superseded.)

[BSI] Update Standards. March 2004. p.12.

Failure modes in aluminothermic rail welds under high axle load conditions

An increasing number of premature failures of aluminothermic welds, particularly new welds, and the need to assess the consequences of increasing axle loads to 40 tonnes resulted in BHP Billiton Iron Ore setting up a programme to review weld quality. Failure characteristics (straight-break and horizontal split-web fractures) are discussed. Welding processes, procedures, instrumentation and inspection procedures are reviewed. Improved rail welding and track maintenance practices to meet higher performance demands were developed.

Mutton P J; Alvarez E F

Engineering Failure Analysis, vol.11, no.2. April 2004. pp.151-166. 14 fig., 1 tab., 10 ref.

Intelligence

Trials have begun on the Lille-Calais railway line in France on running a German Railway ICE3 trainset. The ICE3 has run at speeds of up to 300 km/h to date, as the feasibility of running a commercial service from Germany onto French railway lines is investigated.

Railway Gazette, vol.160, no.3. March 2004. p.128.

Practical long range guided wave inspection. Managing complexity

Techniques to manage the complexity of guided waves are discussed and practical applications to pipes, rail, plates and rock bolts are described. The Guided Ultrasonics (Rail) Ltd rail testing system is shown.

CRAWLEY P

In: Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation. Vol.22A. Eds: D O Thompson; D E Chimenti. Pub: Melville, NY, USA; AIP, 2003. ISBN 07354001179. pp.22-37.

Long range inspection of rail using guided waves

The guided waves modes that can exist in a rail are found using 2D FEA, and their interaction with a variety of features and defects is investigated with 3D time-marching FE models. Results from a prototype testing system are compared to FE predictions. Sensitivity to transverse defects and defects in alumino-thermic welds is demonstrated.

WILCOX P et al

In: Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation. Vol.22A. Eds: D O Thompson; D E Chimenti. Pub: Melville, NY, USA; AIP, 2003. ISBN 07354001179. pp.236-243.

The application of finite element modelling to guided wave testing systems

An insight into the propagation characteristics of guided waves in rails is presented. Dispersion curves are discussed and results of the variation of reflection coefficient with defect depth is modelled for a BS113A type rail.

SANDERSON R M; SMITH S D

In: Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation. Vol.22A. Eds: D O Thompson; D E Chimenti. Pub: Melville, NY, USA; AIP, 2003. ISBN 07354001179. pp.256-263.

Groundwork for rail flaw detection using ultrasonic phased array inspection.

An increase in detectability of internal transverse flaws in rail track was apparent when the ultrasonic beam was orientated off the longitudinal axis of the rail. To test this phenomenon, artificial reflectors were used to help define the extent of material ‘seen’ by ultrasonic beams and to determine how surface curvature may affect inspection. Four rail samples were studied: three worn sections with internal defects and a new rail with an as-made profile. Results are presented and discussed.

UTRATA D; CLARK R

In: Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evaluation. Vol.22A. Eds: D O Thompson; D E Chimenti. Pub: Melville, NY, USA; AIP, 2003. ISBN 07354001179. pp.799-805.

[Serco Railtest]

Authority for design scrutiny, vehicle construction, maintenance and engineering acceptance of on-track plant has been granted to Serco Railtest by the Rail Safety and Standards Board. Accreditation covers rail grinders, tamping equipment and ballast cleaners. The company is already accredited for locomotives, multiple units, coaches and freight carriers.

Railnews, no.84. Feb.2004. p.5.

News in brief

A consultation amongst the UK rail industry on the standardisation of technical and other systems across the whole European network has been launched by the Department for Transport. The consultation is a forerunner to a future European directive that is to create a single market for goods and services. The first rail interoperability directive has already been implemented in the UK, concerning new and upgraded high speed infrastructure and rolling stock. Deadline for consultation responses is 16th April.

Railnews, no.84. Feb.2004. p.8.

Ministers 'close to rail shuttle ruling'

Ministerial approval is expected soon on the £10M project put forward by Central Railway to operate freight shuttle trains between Liverpool and northern France. A government bill is required to construct a new railway line, using part of the trackbed of the old Great Central railway from Marylebone station to the north east. The line would carry freight trains with continental European gauges (wider and higher than the UK) through the Channel tunnel. The piggy-back service is not possible on British railways as a result of loading gauge constraints, and bridge and tunnel clearances. Central Railway has been awaiting a decision for three years.

Financial Times. 7/8 Feb.2004. p.5.

EN 13848-1:2003

EN 13848: Railway applications/Track. Track geometry quality. Part 1: Characterisation of track geometry.

[BSI] Update Standards. Feb.2004. p.37.

Raffarin sets infrastructure priorities

50 major rail infrastructure projects over the next 20 years, intended to help sustain the national economy, create employment and maintain France's competitive position in Europe, were confirmed by prime minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin at the inter-ministerial planning and development committee in Paris last December. The projects include 8 high speed schemes, and a new agency is to be set up to fund infrastructure investment. The eight high speed projects and 8 major upgrades on main lines are detailed (map included), and funding reforms are discussed.

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.2. Feb.2004. pp.81-82.

Crossrail to give economy £19bn boost, say studies

Ahead of the official report for the transport secretary on the Crossrail project, studies for the mayor of London have predicted that building Crossrail will generate £19bn over 30 years for the UK economy - £8bn from people able to access central London easily, £3bn from a rise in output, and £8bn from saving in journey times. The London mayor estimates the cost of building Crossrail to be £7bn, not £10bn as reported by the Treasury.

Financial Times. 3 Feb.2004. p.5.

NDT techniques for railroad wheel and gauge corner inspection

Techniques for the inspection of wheels (rim and disk) using ultrasonic testing, and the inspection of railway track surfaces at speeds of 70 km/h using eddy current testing have been developed by researchers at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany. Some aspects of the inspection systems developed and an overview of test results are presented.

Pohl R et al

NDT and E International, vol.37, no.2. March 2004. pp.89-94. 13 fig., 14 ref.

Scatter of the Rayleigh waves by tilted surface-breaking cracks

Recent progress made on modelling scatter of Rayleigh waves by cracks (surface-breaking and running at around 20° to the surface) using the Sommerfeld-Malyuzhinets-Budaev semi-analytical approach is reported. Verification and validation of the resulting computer code 2DWeD is discussed.

Babich V M et al

NDT and E International, vol.37, no.2. March 2004. pp.105-109. 5 fig., 20 ref.

Rail flaw detection: overview and needs for future developments

The technologies presently employed to detect defects in railway tracks, along with examples of recent field applications, are reviewed. Ongoing research on the technology and options for the future are also discussed.

Clark R P

NDT and E International, vol.37, no.2. March 2004. pp.111-118. 9 fig., 25 ref.

Measurement and analysis of dynamic and acoustic parameters of rail fastening

A new method, using time and frequency related transformations, of evaluating response signals from rail fastening analyses is described. Laboratory measurements, and dynamic and acoustic parameter analysis of flexible fastening of the Vossloh SKL14 type are presented. The method's use in designing new rail fastening systems and their components is considered.

Smutny J

NDT and E International, vol.37, no.2. March 2004. pp.119-129. 14 fig., 9 ref.

Guided wave inspection potential of defects in rail

The results of guided wave experiments carried out on test track and on 'live' rail are reported. Preferred propagation frequencies, modelling, roots of the dispersion relations for rail, and a wave displacement sample within a railhead are presented. Non-contact air-coupled and electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are considered as receivers of rail sound energy. Experimental results from the use of air-coupled transducers to profile the rail radiation pattern are given. EMATs were used in a rail cutting experiment to simulate a transverse rail defect. Results of experiments are discussed and conclusions drawn.

Rose J L; Avioli M J; Mudge P J; Sanderson R

NDT and E International, vol.37, no.2. March 2004. pp.153-161. 15 fig., 6 ref.

Heat treatment of rail welded joints in induction units

The technology and equipment used in Russia for the heat treatment and welding (flash butt, thermit, arc bath) of rails is presented. Induction units are used for heat hardening of rail welded joints; the specification for an induction unit is given. Recommendations have been drawn up for welded rails (IIW/IIS Doc. III-1127-98) and for welded rails with differentiated heat treatment of joints (IIW/IIS III-1128-98), in which strength, ductility and rectilinearity of joints, and fields of applications for rails, welded by different processes, are specified.

Genkin I Z

The Paton Welding Journal, no.9. Sept.2003. pp.38-41. 2 fig., 1 tab.

Effect of rare earth on the internal friction spectrum of the tread area of the BNb rail steel

The Snoek-Ke-Koster (SKK) peaks (internal friction) of specimens of BNb and BNbRE rail steel (laid for one year after hot rolling and RT deformed after treatment at 700°C for 30 min.) were investigated. Peaks were found to differ, with the former rail steel being higher (+20°C) and wider; a Snoek peak was found in BNbRE but not in BNb. SKK peaks in deformed specimens of both steels were similar. Tests on these steels in use for over two years were considerably different from one year old specimens. [In Chinese]

Ji J W et al

Acta Metallurgica Sinica, vol.39, no.11. pp.1219-1222. 5 fig., 1 tab., 13 ref.

Method and system for processing rail testing data

Brief details of a new US patent (US6594591), granted to Robin Clark et al., concerning a computer-based data processing system, for use in conjunction with a rail discontinuity detection unit containing a number of sensor units, are given.

Materials Evaluation, vol.61, no.11. Nov.2003. p.1205.

Stretched rail gaps

A newly patented technique for dealing with broken rails (US6515249), developed by Harsco Track Technologies (USA), is briefly described. In order not to introduce a different 'neutral rail temperature' (the temperature at which the rail was originally installed and tensioned) by the introduction of a repair strip, Harsco cut out the defect with the minimum of rail loss, machine the rail ends to match, then pull the rails until they meet; the final gap is secured with a single weld. A 300 tonne rail puller is employed.

New Scientist, vol.180, no.2419. p.25.

Spending accelerating since crash

Following the crash at Hatfield in October 2000, UK state aid to the railways accelerated. By 2001 railway aid amounted to nearly two-thirds of all subsidies, having risen from 3.3bn euros in 1997 to 6.8bn euros in 2001.

Financial Times. 13 Jan.2004. p.6.

Rail authority considers reinstating shelved west coast main line projects

The Strategic Rail Authority is examining the possibility of going ahead with the remodelling of Rugby station and the construction of more tracks between Rugby and Stafford as part of the prime work to be undertaken on the west coast main line upgrade. The SRA is of the opinion that the whole project will not work if elements are removed, such as the alleviation of the severe bottleneck at Rugby. The two latter elements of the project were to be postponed, according to Tom Winsor, the rail regulator, in order to save money. This is being reviewed.

Financial Times. 17/18 Jan.2004. p.2.

Railways celebrate carrying 1bn people in a year

For the first time in 30 years the UK's railway system has carried a billion passengers. Passengers travelled 40.1bn km in the year 1 Oct.2002-30 Sept.2003, the highest figure for 56 years.

Financial Times. 29 Dec.2003. p.2.

ProRail predicts RCF [rolling contact fatigue] hotspots

Key factors contributing to the development of RCF have been identified by ProRail from an analysis of inspection data. A prediction methodology to allow the cost-effective management of the problem has been developed and is detailed.

M Hiensch; A Watson

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.1. Jan.2004. pp.38-40. 5 fig., 1 tab., 5 ref.

Head-hardened rail put to the test

In-track testing of the rolling contact fatigue resistance of head-hardened and as-rolled steel rails is being carried out by Voestalpine Schienen and Deutsche Bahn (German Railway). An effective grinding strategy is being developed from the tests for different rail grades. Head checks, corrugation, squats and Belgrospis (clusters of cracks found in conjunction with corrugation defects) are discussed and the future role of bainitic rails is considered.

G Girsch; R Heyder

Railway Gazette International, vol.160, no.1. Jan.2004. pp.42-44. 7 fig., 2 tab., 7 ref.

'Co-opetition' across national borders vital to future of Europe's high-speed railway services

The need for national rail companies to persuade their governments to invest in the doubling of Europe's high speed network by 2010 is considered. In order to win passengers from airlines on longer-distance routes commanding higher rail fares, an integrated service is required, which will rely on compatible technologies, safety rules and allowing the use of lines by competing companies. SNCF (France), Ferrovie dello Stato (Italy) and Deutsche Bahn (Germany) are jointly commissioning a high speed train.

Financial Times. 2 Jan.2004. p.6.

Remove rail safety from HSE, says ex-director

The former director of rail safety at the Health and Safety Executive, Alan Osborne, has told a parliamentary committee that he thinks rail safety regulation should be moved to the Office of Rail Regulation, as the HSE does not have the expertise to monitor the rail industry. This statement was made at the Future of the Railways enquiry.

Financial Times. 9 Jan.2004. p.4.

Regulator overruled on West Coast line upgrade

The Strategic Rail Authority has instructed Network Rail to proceed with the £9.9bn upgrade of the London-Glasgow West Coast main line as planned. It has been agreed that the project will not be changed in the short term, despite the rail regulator's decision that certain aspects of the project should be postponed. The SRA intends to shift funds from other sections of its budget as necessary. The position of the project will be review in March.

Financial Times. 22 Dec.2003. p.2.

EN 14811-1

Draft British Standard 03/318982 DC for public comment. BS 14811-1: Railway applications. Track. Special purpose rail. Part 1: Grooved and associated construction.

[BSI] Update Standards. Jan.2004. p.42.

Method, transducer wheel and discontinuity detection system for ultrasonic detecting railroad rails

A new US patent, covering a wheel type ultrasonic discontinuity detection system, is summarised. (US patent no.6604421.)

Materials Evaluation, vol.61, no.12. Dec.2003. p.1293.

Track monitor reveals flaws

The Microlog, developed by Dr Jarek Rosinski (University of Newcastle) and his son, Martin, is briefly described. The device, about the size of a matchbox, contains satellite technology. Fixed to train axles, it can detect abnormal stresses caused by defects, sending a warning signal to a remote computer giving details of the precise location of the problem. Trials are underway to use the device to monitor track defects.

Railnews, no.82. Dec.2003. p.8.

£640M funding withheld from rail upgrade

The west coast main line is to be upgraded to carry trains at 125 mph to Glasgow by the end of 2005. However Network Rail has been instructed by the rail regulator to delay the remodelling of a bottleneck at Rugby, and the upgrading of the route between Rugby and Stafford, in order to spread costs.

Financial Times. 13/14 Dec.2003. p.16.

Rail tunnel to link Europe with Africa

A 39 km rail tunnel is to be built under the Mediterranean Sea between Morocco and Spain. The Strait of Gibraltar at the chosen construction point is only 300 m deep.

Financial Times. 15 Dec.2003. p.10.

BS EN 13674

BS EN 13674 Railway applications. Track. Rail. Part 1:2003 Vignole railway rails 46 kg/m and above.

[BSI] Update Standards. Dec.2003. p.11.

BS EN 14730

BS EN 14730-1 Railway applications. Track. Aluminothermic welding of rails. Part 1: Approval of welding processes. (Draft British standard 03/317632 DC.)

[BSI] Update Standards. Dec.2003. p.38.

Plan to cut west coast rail upgrade

As a result of pressure to reduce the cost of the west coast main line upgrade, Network Rail has proposed £750M in cuts (from a total budget of £9.9bn). The changes proposed are designed not to seriously affect future journey times nor to delay the project. Rail industry leaders are discussing the suggestions.

Financial Times. 8 Dec.2003. p.1.

SRA announces latest franchise progress

Second-term franchises announced by the Strategic Rail Authority are listed.

Modern Railways, vol.60, no.663. Dec.2003. p.8.

Channel Tunnel Rail Link section 1: Track and power supply

Section 1 of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL), from the tunnel to Fawkham Junction, uses a ballasted track with UIC60 rails on composite sleepers. The route has a number of tight bends and needs to be suitable for all speeds of rail traffic. Track alignment, gauge and cant, track components (continuously welded rail - flash butt shop welds and aluminothermic on-site welds), construction and maintenance, and traction power supply are described.

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. vol.156, special issue no.2. Nov.2003. pp.60-63.

Bowker launches case for rail

The Strategic Rail Authority has published a brochure 'Everyone's railway: the wider case for rail', in which the benefits of rail transport to the whole country are set out. The publication shows how rail travel is far safer than travel by road, and more reliable; how 18,725 passenger trains operate every day - travelling more miles than pre-Beeching; and how everyone benefits from the industries and services than need the rail industry to operate.

Modern Railways, vol.60, no.662. Nov.2003. p.7.

Stoke track quality forced opening postponement

The delay in opening a newly restored section of the west coast mainline, due to problems with track quality, is explained. The Stoke blockade used a new mobile flash butt welding road/railer plant, producing excellent weld quality.

Modern Railways, vol.60, no.662. Nov.2003. pp.28-29.

Network Rail set for major shake-up/Priority for operators as Network Rail restructures

Network Rail is planning a major overhaul of the way it is organised. Abandoning the regional structure, it will be divided according to staff function. As of April 2004, the company will be in three sections - engineering, maintenance and operations, and customer services. Operations staff will share offices with maintenance and with train operators' staff to improve co-ordination. The seven regions are to be restructured into eight routes. Certain layers of management will go.

Financial Times. 4 Nov.2003. pp.1,4.

[New standard Drafts for Public Comment]

prEN 13231-1 Railway applications. Track. Acceptance of works. Part 1: Works on track. Plain line. (Draft British standard 03/16446 DC.)
prEN 13231-2 Railway applications. Track. Acceptance of works. Part 2: Works on track. Switches and crossings. (Draft British standard 03/316447 DC.)
BS EN 13231-3 Railway applications. Track. Acceptance of works. Part 3: Acceptance of rail grinding, milling and planning work in track.

[BSI] Update Standards. Nov.2003. p.38.

[New European standard]

EN 13674-1:2003 Railway applications. Track. Rail. Part 1: Flat bottomed symmetrical railway rails 46 kg/m and above.

[BSI] Update Standard. Nov.2003. p.42.

Rail track field testing using laser/air hybrid ultrasonic technique

Laser generation has been combined with air coupled ultrasonic detection to form a technique capable of locating elusive rail discontinuities, such as vertical split head and rail base cracks. Results of tests carried out at the Rail Defect Test Facility at the U.S. Transportation Technology Center are reported. 100% detection of vertical split head defects and 90% of rail base cracks were achieved. Mounted on a railway pushcart, the noncontact and remote nature of the device allows flexible and high speed testing. Details of the experiments and equipment are presented.

Kenderian S et al

Materials Evaluation, vol.61, no.10. Oct.2003. pp.1129-1133. 7 fig., 3 tab., 16 ref.

Rail defects: an overview

An overview of rail defects and their consequences, from the earliest days of railways to the present, is presented. The advent and development of steel rail, rail stresses (bending, shear, wheel/rail contact, thermal, residual stresses and dynamic effects); modern rail failure; rolling contact fatigue (RCF); heavy haul aspects; rail failures and accidents; rail lifetime; the costs of rail failure; rail defect management; rail inspection; rail grinding for the control of RCF; rail failure modelling; and the probabilistic simulation of rail failure are discussed.

Cannon D F et al

Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.26, no.10. Oct.2003. pp.865-886. 13 fig., 6 tab., 73 ref.

Simulating of wheel-rail contact forces

The forces (gravitational stiffness, creep, vertical) that develop in the contact zone between the wheel and rail are summarised. The ways that these forces affect the behaviour of rolling stock running on straight and curved track (vertical and lateral forces leading to derailment and wheel unloading) are explained and the methods used to calculate and utilise the forces are considered. Results from a computer simulation of a typical UK passenger train are presented as an illustration; aspects of this are examined.

Iwnicki S

Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.26, no.10. Oct.2003. pp.887-900. 15 fig.,12 ref.

The wheel-rail interface - some recent accidents

The wheel-rail interface and its importance to the safe operation of railways is discussed. Following a brief history of rails and wheels, some recent accidents (Eschede (Germany), Sandy, Hatfield, Potters Bar) are described. The role of rail contact fatigue and gauge corner cracking is considered, and the importance of good track condition is emphasised.

Smith R A

Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.26, no.10. Oct.2003. pp.901-907. 5 fig., 10 ref.

The current status of theory and practice on rail integrity in Japanese railways - rolling contact fatigue and corrugations

Japanese understanding and practice of the wheel/rail interface problems and their management is presented. Rolling contact fatigue (particularly squat defects), grinding, corrugations and lubrication are considered.A combination of theoretical modelling, laboratory experiments and field trials were used to understand the mechanisms involved. Measures introduced by Japanese railway companies to mitigate the effects of these problems are described.

Ishida M et al

Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structues, vol.26, no.10. Oct.2003. pp.909-919. 17 fig., 38 ref.

The blending of theory and practice in modern rail grinding

Practical models for rail grinding, produced from laboratory tests and from theoretical modelling, have been produced and are used to substantiate past practices and to develop improved predictive tools for rail fatigue and profile deterioration. Rail profile shapes developed from practical field experience; the modelling of rail profile shapes; rail grinding intervals and metal removal; rail surface finish and metallurgy are all discussed.

Magel E et al

Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.26, no.10. Oct.2003. pp.921-929. 5 fig., 30 ref.

Rail integrity management by means of ultrasonic testing

Condition monitoring, using ultrasonic testing, of the OREX ore export railway lines (Sishen, Northern Cape to Saldanha Bay) in South Africa is described. The performance and history of the line in terms of rail defect levels and derailments due to rail failure (from rolling contact fatigue, tache ovale, horizontal head cracking, flash butt and thermit weld failure) is overviewed with reference to traffic volume. Inherent rail characteristics are discussed and their effects on defect development are considered. The knowledge enhancement of rail condition brought about by the introduction of ultrasonic testing, and how this led to condition improvement programmes, eliminating derailments from defects, is described.

Marais J J; Mistry K C

Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, vol.26, no.10. Oct.2003. pp.931-938. 13 fig., 2 tab., 5 ref.

Rolling contact in railways: modelling, simulation and damage prediction

The development of a quantitative model for the evaluation of the mechanical state (stress, plastic strain cycle and residual stress pattern) in the vicinity of the wheel/rail contact zone is reported. Rolling contact induced defects (kidney shaped cracking, shelling, squat and head checking) and residual stresses were modelled. The main results of the research, sponsored by SNCF, the French national rail company, a